Multimodal analgesia versus patient-controlled analgesia in the management of acute postoperative spinal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis / Analgesia multimodal versus analgesia controlada pelo paciente no tratamento da dor aguda pós-operatória da coluna: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spine diseases have a high annual prevalence and are the main causes of years lived with disability and chronic pain. Among the postoperative analgesic control options, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and multimodal analgesia (MMA) have shown good clinical results. This meta-analysis seeks new evidence to help in the treatment of acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing spinal surgery. CONTENTS: The following databases were used: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and Embase. Studies that compared two post-surgical analgesic interventions were included; MMA and PCA. The parameters evaluated were: analgesic effect; opioid consumption; length of hospital stay; and adverse effects. Registration of the systematic review protocol: (PROSPERO CRD42023446627). There was no statistical difference when assessing analgesic improvement comparing MMA to PCA (MD -0.12 [-0.41, 0.17] 95%CI with p=0.69). There was a statistical difference, with lower opioid consumption in MMA compared to PCA (MD -3.04 [-3.69, -2.39] 95%CI with p=0.0002). Statistically significant difference regarding length of hospital stay in favor of MMA (MD -13.17 [-16.98, -9.36] 95%CI with p=0.00001), and significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing MMA in compared to PCA (OR 0.26 [0.11, -0.64] 95%CI with p=0.003). CONCLUSION: MMA was equivalent to PCA in the treatment of acute postoperative spinal pain, with the significant clinical advantage and safety of lower amounts of infused opioids, shorter hospital stay and lower incidence of adverse effects.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As doenças da coluna apresentam alta prevalência anual e são as principais causas de anos vividos com incapacidade e de cronificação da dor. Dentre as opções de controle analgésico pós-operatória, a analgesia controlada pelo paciente (ACP) e a analgesia multimodal (AMM) apresentam bons resultados clínicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar novas evidências que auxiliem no tratamento da dor aguda no pós-operatório do paciente submetido à cirurgia da coluna. CONTEÚDO: As bases de dados utilizadas: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline e Embase. Foram incluídos estudos que compararam duas intervenções analgésicas pós-cirúrgicas; AMM e ACP. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: efeito analgésico; consumo de opioide; tempo de internação hospitalar e efeitos adversos. Registro do protocolo de revisão sistemática: (PROSPERO CRD42023446627). Não houve diferença estatística quando avaliadas a melhora analgésica comparando a AMM à ACP (MD -0,12 [-0,41, 0,17] 95%CI com p=0,69). Houve diferença estatística, com menor consumo de opioide na AMM em comparação à ACP (MD -3,04 [-3,69, -2,39] 95%IC com p=0,0002). Diferença estatística significativa com relação ao tempo de permanência hospitalar a favor da AMM (MD -13,17 [-16,98, -9,36] 95%IC com p=0,00001), e incidência significativamente menor de náuseas e vômitos nos pacientes submetidos a AMM em comparação a ACP (OR 0,26 [0,11, -0,64] 95%IC com p=0,003). CONCLUSÃO: A AMM foi equivalente à ACP no tratamento da dor aguda pós-operatória da coluna, com a significativa vantagem clínica e a segurança de menores quantidades de opioides infundidos, menor tempo de internação hospitalar e menor incidência de efeitos adversos.

The burden of low back pain in Brazil: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are growing around the world, and low back pain (LBP) is the most significant of the five defined MSK disorders in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. LBP has been the leading cause of non-fatal health loss for the last three decades. The objective of this study is to describe the current status and trends of the burden due to LBP in Brazil based on information drawn from the GBD 2017 study. METHODS: We estimated prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for LBP by Brazilian federative units, sex, age group, and age-standardized between 1990 and 2017 and conducted a decomposition analysis of changes in age- and sex-specific YLD rates attributable to total population growth and population ageing for the purpose of understanding the drivers of changes in LBP YLDs rates in Brazil. Furthermore, we analyzed the changes in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rankings for this disease over the period. RESULTS: The results show high prevalence and burden of LBP in Brazil. LBP prevalence increased 26.83% (95% UI 23.08 to 30.41) from 1990 to 2017. This MSK condition represents the most important cause of YLDs in Brazil, where the increase in burden is mainly related to increase in population size and ageing. The LBP age-standardized YLDs rate are similar among Brazilian federative units. LBP ranks in the top three causes of DALYs in Brazil, even though it does not contribute to mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study show LBP to be the most important cause of YLDs and the 3rd leading cause of DALYs in Brazil. The Brazilian population is ageing, and the country has been experiencing a rapid epidemiological transition, which generates an increasing number of people who need chronic care. In this scenario, more attention should be paid to the burden of non-fatal health conditions.

Three-dimensional computed tomography evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament footprint for anatomic single-bundle reconstruction.

PURPOSE: Femoral and tibial footprint coordinates have been well studied in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, in a single-bundle reconstruction approach, the central coordinate of femoral and tibial footprints have not been determined. The purpose of this study was to describe the central point locations of the ACL footprints visualized by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) images and analysed by the quadrant method. METHODS: Eight cadaveric knees were dissected, and the central points of ACL femoral and tibial footprints were marked and analysed using 3D CT images. RESULTS: In the present study, the means (and standard deviation) of ACL femoral footprint dimensions were in the ventral-dorsal plane and in the cranial-caudal plane 9.4 ± 0.8 and 15.6 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. In the tibial side, the means of ACL footprint dimensions were in the anterior-posterior and in the medial-lateral 18.5 ± 1.9 and 15.5 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. In the tomographic analyses, the means of femoral central location coordinates in the ventral-dorsal (y) and in the cranial-caudal (x) axes were 35.3 ± 4.5 and 30.0 ± 1.6 %, respectively. The means of tibial central location coordinates were in the anterior-posterior (y) and in the medial-lateral (x) axes, respectively: 40.5 ± 5.3 and 50.2 ± 1.3 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These computed tomographic coordinates might help future studies as a reference on ACL single-bundle anatomic reconstruction, with respect to the management of ACL revision surgery or in symptomatic patients after ACL reconstruction. Improvements in three-dimensional image acquisition could facilitate its intraoperative applicability in the coming years.

Prolaxia de tromboembolismo pulmonar e trombose venosa profunda em pacientes ortopédicos / Prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism and venous thromboembolism in orthopedic pacients

A anticoagulação representa medida fundamental em terapêutica profilática de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica e deve ser utilizada de rotina, exceto em casos específicos. Recomenda-se na artroplastia de joelho e quadril a utilização de Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular (HBPM), Fondaparinux ou Warfarina com doses ajustadas. Em cirurgias de reparação de fraturas pélvicas, Fondaparinux é a droga de escolha, seguida de HBPM, Heparina não-fracionada e Warfarina com doses ajustadas como alternativas. A artroplastia do quadril e reparo de fratura pélvica requerem profilaxia por quatro a cinco semanas.

Anticoagulation is a key measure of prophylactic therapy in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery and should be used routinely, except in specific cases. It is recommended the use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), Fondaparinux or adjusted-dose Warfarin, in knee and hip arthroplasty. In surgical repair of pelvic fractures, Fondaparinux is the choice drug, followed by LMWH, unfractionated heparin and adjusted-doses Warfarin as alternative. Arthroplasty of the hip and pelvic fracture repair requires prophylaxis for four to five weeks, but is not required routinely in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy.

Fratura bilateral do fêmur: relato de caso / Bilateral femoral fractures: case report

As fraturas bilaterais do fêmur tornaram-se mais prevalentes nos últimos anos, principalmente em jovens vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos que envolvem grande dissipação de energia cinética. Esse tipo de lesão acomete outros órgãos e associa-se com óbitos e complicações pós-operatórias, além de raramente ocorrer de forma isolada. Este artigo descreve o trauma de um jovem de 25 anos de idade, vítima de colisão de motocicleta versus árvore, com fraturas femurais, sendo diafisária cominutiva e intraarticular à direita e trocantérica à esquerda. São discutidas as opções terapêuticas das fraturas cominutivas do fêmur por intermédio do uso de placa-ponte (PP) e de haste intramedular (HIM), além de possíveis complicações das fraturas femorais bilaterais.

The bilateral femoral fractures become prevalent in recent years, due to the increasing number of young adults involved in traffic accidents with high kinetic energy. This type of injury affects other organs and is usually associated with death and postoperative complications and rarely occurs in isolation. This article describes the case of a 25-year old male patient, victim of a motorcycle collision against a three with femoral fractures, and diaphyseal comminuted intra-articular fracture and right and left trochanter. It is discussed the treatment options of comminuted fractures of the femur through the use of bridge plates (PP) and intramedullary shafts(HIM), (Shaft or Bridge-Plate), besides the possible complications of bilateral femoral fractures.